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At least 15 people in England have tested HIV positive while waiting to get a place on a trial for a pill which prevents the disease.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (Prep) is a daily tablet which can stop a person from getting HIV.
England is the only place in the UK where places on a trial to access the drug through the NHS are restricted.
The Department of Health said plans were under way to make the drug more widely available next year.
Prep is freely available for high-risk patients in Scotland and the British HIV Association, which represents healthcare professionals involved in the treatment and care of people with HIV, is calling for the same in England.
It is currently available free of charge as part of the Impact trial in England, which began in September 2017 and is due to end in August, but places are limited.
Sexual health consultants say the trial is particularly useful for people who cannot afford Prep privately, and among the 15 cases of people acquiring HIV while waiting for trial places, several people were on low incomes and could not afford the drug otherwise.
‘How has this happened?’
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis tablets can be highly successful in protecting a person from getting HIV
David, who is in his 40s and lives in London, is one of the people who acquired HIV while waiting for a place on the trial.
Unable to afford Prep privately, he attempted to access the pills through two different sexual health clinics in London but was told there were no spaces on the trial available.
Just a few weeks after failing to access the drug, he became sick and he was eventually diagnosed with HIV.
“I was stunned. It was just like, ‘Oh my god how, how has this happened?’
“Trying from two different clinics to get on to it and not being able to get on to it, and then getting HIV – I was very, very angry about it.
“Prep needs to be readily available for anybody who wants it. Yes, there is a cost implication, I understand that – it’s a tablet for every person.
“But that person who catches HIV, the costs are 10-fold, and that’s for life.”
Dr Iain Reeves, lead clinician for HIV at Homerton Hospital in east London, says he has had to tell three people who were previously HIV negative that they had acquired the disease after failing to access Prep free of charge from his service.
“Unfortunately, we didn’t have any places on the study. We gave them all the information about how they might be able to access it, including online purchase,” he said.
“But of course, for a number of individuals, that’s very difficult, if you don’t have enough money to actually buy it online.”
The Impact trial was expanded earlier this year to meet demand, but London only took up 60% of the extra spaces offered, which was believed to be because of issues involved in funding the increased services.
Dr Laura Waters, from the British HIV Association, says Prep should be universally available through the NHS to people at high risk of HIV
“The tension around funding is tricky,” says Dr Laura Waters, British HIV Association chairwoman.
“It’s not straightforward. But the reality is that NHS England are funding the drug through the trial, but it’s local authorities that fund sexual health clinics.
“When the Impact trial started, we only had the branded products available. Now it’s available as the unbranded generic version, which is much less expensive. But the reality of creating more sexual health appointments when our funding has been cut is a very big challenge.”
The BBC has learned that Prep costs the NHS about £11 per person per month. Privately-funded Prep starts at about £30 a month.
The cost of medicines for an HIV-positive patient ranges from £100 a month to £500 a month and needs to be provided for the rest of that person’s life.
For those who argue that individuals at a higher risk of acquiring HIV should practice safe sex and use condoms, consultants say as a comparative argument that condoms are not always fully effective preventing pregnancy and it is a personal choice which form of protection to use.
In addition, they point out that those who receive Prep through clinics have general health checks and are checked regularly for STIs, whereas those who buy it privately are unlikely to have the same guidance.
This means that an individual who is HIV positive, but unaware of their status, could start taking Prep privately with an intent to prevent a disease they already have.
In a statement, NHS England said: “The expansion will help ensure the learning from the trial can fully inform the planning of future services in partnership with local authorities, as well as protecting more people from HIV right now.”
The Department of Health said work was under way to plan for a “seamless transition from the trial to routine commissioning” when the trial ends next year.
However, HIV experts say they have had no steer as to how that will happen.
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