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Health Secretary Matt Hancock says the government has “a huge amount of work to do” to meet its target of 100,000 coronavirus tests a day in the UK. But how does testing compare across the four UK nations?
Official data suggests testing for coronavirus per head of population in England has been considerably slower so far than that in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
As of 3 April, 256 people have been tested per 100,000 of the UK population, according to the Department of Health and Social Care. These are mainly swab tests to establish whether an individual is infected by coronavirus.
Across the four nations, the numbers break down as follows:
- Northern Ireland: 395 people tested per 100,000 of population (total 7,525 people tested)
- Scotland: 351 people tested per 100,000 (total 19,535 people tested)
- Wales: 330 people tested per 100,000 (total 10,543 people tested)
- England : 238 people tested per 100,000 (total 136,181 people tested)
That means that up to 3 April, 78% of the people tested in the UK were in England, despite England having roughly 84% of the country’s population. England has also had 82% of confirmed coronavirus cases in the UK so far, and 90% of deaths.
Testing and laboratories
The slower pace of testing in England has raised further concern because much of the procurement and allocation of tests has now been centralised for all four nations.
Experts say England has far more laboratories than the other UK nations, and it is important to create a uniform testing platform so all labs are testing in exactly the same way.
But Dr Bharat Pankhania, senior clinical lecturer at the University of Exeter medical school, says Public Health England (PHE) has been slow to accredit some of those labs.
“This is nothing to do with capacity,” he says, “capacity can be expanded very quickly, and there are plenty of labs.”
“This is a simple test and we just need to get on with it. We don’t need this stranglehold by PHE.”
When asked to comment on the slower pace of testing in England so far, PHE gave no direct response.
Instead a spokesman referred to comments made in an interview by Mr Hancock, in which he said:
“Some other countries went into this crisis with a big diagnostics industry. We started with some of the best scientific labs in the world, but not the sort of scale Germany has.”
“If you look at similar countries like France, we have tested far more people then it has. All that matters to me is getting this right and getting testing where it needs to be.”
That of course does not explain the discrepancy in testing figures between different nations within the UK.
Daily testing
More detailed information about testing is also emerging, and the good news is that the capacity for testing in England has increased.
Over the last three days, PHE has started to release daily figures for the number of tests being done in England. We already had such information from Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Between 31 March and 2 April just over 7,500 people were tested every day. The number of tests done was higher than that (11,764 on 2 April), because some people require multiple tests for clinical reasons.
The daily testing capacity for inpatient care was 12,799 on 2 April – up from 10,949 at the beginning of the week.
The government is determined to see that trend continue and it wants the number of people being tested to rise rapidly too.
All four nations are obviously trying to increase testing as much as possible as part of the UK-wide effort.
The Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said NHS Scotland’s testing capacity in hospitals would increase to at least 3,500 a day “by the end of this month, at the latest”.
She said that figure should be compared to the “pillar one” target in England of 25,000 tests a day – done in NHS and public health laboratories – by the end of April.