Twelve candidates vying for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination took the debate stage Tuesday night in Ohio for the fourth round of debates. The showdown — the biggest presidential primary debate in history — was moderated by journalists from The New York Times and CNN.
Here is how the candidates’ remarks stacked up against the truth.
What the facts are
Former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., referring to the withdrawal of American troops from Syria, wrongly asserted that American troops are “now being fired on by Assad’s people.”
What Mr. Biden Said:
“I would not have withdrawn the troops and would not have withdrawn the additional thousand troops in Iraq which are in retreat now being fired on by Assad’s people.”
This is false. It is possible that Mr. Biden misspoke; he also referred to Iraq when he seemed to mean Syria. But there does not appear to be any evidence that American troops have been fired on by forces deployed by President Bashar al-Assad of Syria.
However, United States troops in northern Syria did come under fire on Friday from Turkish positions, according to Pentagon officials. No troops were wounded, but officials said the incident highlighted the risks to United States forces as Turkey waged its offensive against Kurdish militia in the region.
“The explosion occurred within a few hundred meters of a location outside the Security Mechanism zone and in an area known by the Turks to have U.S. forces present,” Navy Captain Brook DeWalt, a Pentagon spokesman, said in a statement.
One of the biggest risks to the remaining American troops as they pull back will most likely be attacks from a Turkish-backed Syrian militia called the Free Syrian Army, which has spearheaded the Turkish offensive in many places along the border. Those troops are supported by Turkish Army artillery and mortar fire, and Turkish Air Force strikes.
American officials say these Turkish-backed militias are less disciplined than regular Turkish soldiers, and deliberately or inadvertently have fired on retreating American troops. Syrian forces have also surged back into the contested region in support for their new alliance with the Kurds.
What the facts are
Bernie Sanders, the Vermont Senator, said that, while his “Medicare for all” health care plan will require tax increases on middle class families, their overall spending will go down.
What Mr. Sanders said:
“I do think it is appropriate to acknowledge that taxes will go up. They’re going to go up significantly for the wealthy and for virtually everybody, the tax increase they pay will be substantially less than what they were paying for premiums and out of pocket expenses.”
This lacks evidence. Mr. Sanders’s health care plan will substantially increase the amount that the federal government spends. Estimates of its precise cost vary, but according to an estimate from the conservative Mercatus Institute, which Mr. Sanders has mentioned approvingly, federal spending would need to increase by about 10 percent of the country’s gross domestic product, triple what the government spends on the military. But, under Medicare for all, Americans who currently pay health insurance premiums or pay directly when they go to the doctor or pharmacy would be relieved of those costs. For most American families, that would represent a substantial savings.
But that does not mean that “virtually everybody” would end up paying less overall. Mr. Sanders has suggested various possible tax increases that could pay for this expansion, including a payroll tax that would affect workers across the economic spectrum. He has not provided enough details about the mix and magnitude of taxes for economists to measure what sorts of families would be better or worse off under Medicare for all. An Urban Institute analysis of Mr. Sanders’s 2016 health care proposal, which included more tax details, found that the proposed taxes would only pay for about half of the cost of the plan.
What they’re talking about
Elizabeth Warren, the Massachusetts Senator, repeatedly avoided answering a question about whether financing her health care plan would require middle-class tax increases, saying instead that their “costs” would not go up.
What Ms. Warren said:
“I have made clear what my principles are here. And that is costs will go up for the wealthy and for big corporations, and for hard working middle class families, costs will go down.”
Ms. Warren has indeed proposed a number of large tax increases on the wealthy and corporations, including a new wealth tax, a corporate profits tax, and an expansion of Social Security taxes up the income spectrum. But she has also earmarked close to all of the revenue raised by those taxes to pay for other domestic spending priorities, including free public college tuition and child care subsidies.
A “Medicare for all” health care program, like the one from Senator Bernie Sanders that Ms. Warren has co-sponsored, would require substantial additional government spending. Ms. Warren would not say who would pay tax increases necessary to fund it. But it may be hard to squeeze that much more money out of the rich and corporations alone, beyond the new taxes she has already suggested. Her language about “costs” does provide the possibility that she would raise middle class taxes, but ensure that middle class families would save enough on health care spending to come out ahead.
what they’re talking about
Democrats debated the merits of adding a wealth tax on total assets of the richest Americans, an idea that has been spearheaded by Ms. Warren.
What Ms. Warren said:
“Taxing income is not going to get you where you need to be the way taxing wealth does.”
The wealth tax that Ms. Warren has proposed would represent a major shift in American tax policy, which has generally been focused on taxing income. Ms. Warren’s plan would raise $2.6 trillion over a decade to pay for proposals that would vastly expand the country’s social safety net. Senator Bernie Sanders and Tom Steyer have also called for wealth taxes. And on Tuesday night, Beto O’Rourke, Pete Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar also expressed openness to the concept, suggesting the party at large is shifting more broadly in that direction.
While wealth taxes have populist appeal in that they can raise large amounts of revenue on the backs of a relatively small number of people, they do come with their share of potential problems. Critics warn wealth taxes will spur new forms of tax avoidance, that they failed and were repealed in European countries and that they could be unconstitutional.
What the facts are
Mr. Biden, in defending his moderate policies compared to his progressive competitors, claimed only he could claim substantive achievements.
What Mr. Biden said:
“I’m the only one on this stage that has gotten anything really big done.”
This is mostly false. Whether or not a politician’s accomplishments are “big” is a subjective judgment. But other leading Democratic candidates have had substantial policy successes.
Ms. Warren, then a bankruptcy law expert, envisioned and spearheaded the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in 2010 to address the excesses of the financial services industry following the financial crisis that began in 2008. Mr. Sanders, then the ranking member on the Senate Veterans Affairs committee, co-authored legislation with the late Senator John McCain that created the Veterans Choice program in 2014. Ms. Harris, as California’s attorney general, won her state a sizeable share of a settlement with big banks over home foreclosure abuses in 2012.
What the facts are
Pete Buttigieg, the South Bend, Ind. mayor, highlighted suicide as a major, under-discussed source of gun violence in the country.
What Mr. Buttigieg said:
That so-called red flag laws could help prevent suicides, “which are not being talked about nearly enough as a huge part of the gun violence epidemic in this country.”
This is true. Mr. Buttigieg is correct that the majority of gun deaths in the United States are deaths due to suicide, a major and growing public health problem that is rarely emphasized in the political discussion of guns.
Research on so-called red flag laws, which allow a judge to temporarily confiscate firearms from people found to be a risk to themselves or others, has found that they have been successful in reducing suicide deaths. There is less evidence about whether they are an effective strategy for reducing homicides or mass shootings, though some anecdotal accounts suggest they may have prevented some acts of violence.
What the Facts are
Julian Castro, the former housing secretary, said three battleground states had lost jobs under Mr. Trump.
What Mr. Castro said:
“Ohio, Michigan and Pennsylvania actually in the latest jobs data have lost jobs, not gained them.”
This is misleading. The three states all gained jobs in August, according to the latest data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. From July to August, Ohio gained about 6,400 jobs; Michigan about 3,700; and Pennsylvania about 4,700. The number of unemployed people, however, has also risen in Ohio by 2,500 and in Pennsylvania by 4,400. Overall, since Mr. Trump’s first full month in office in February 2017, Ohio has gained 120,000 jobs; Michigan 109,000, and Pennsylvania 114,000.
Fact checks contributed by Linda Qiu, Margot Sanger-Katz, Alan Rappeport and Sheryl Gay Stolberg.